This area (aka Cocos-Galapagos Swimway) is a migratory corridor used by marine species like whales, sharks, stingrays, sea turtles.Īmong the major cruise companies that offer Galapagos itineraries are Celebrity, Silversea, DCL-Disney, G Adventures, Metropolitan Touring. This way, the existing Galapagos Marine Reserve was expanded by ~50% (with additional ~23000 mi2/60,000 km2 of ocean area) extending northwest to Ecuador’s maritime border with Costa Rica. On January 14, 2022, Ecuador’s President (Guillermo Alberto Santiago Lasso Mendoza) signed a decree that established the new Hermandad Marine Reserve. His observations furnished considerable data for his thesis on natural selection "Origin of Species" (published 1859). Charles Darwin, traveling on the ship HMS Beagle, spent 6 weeks in 1835 studying the Galapagos' fauna. Pirates, explorers, seals- and whales hunters all visited before the colonization began in 1832. The islands were discovered in 1535 and first called "Las Encantadas" ("The Enchanted"). The Galapagos region's capital city is Baquerizo Moreno (on San Cristobal Island), but Puerto Ayora (on Santa Cruz Island) is considered the group's commercial center. Sea lions are numerous, as are different shore fish. The islands contain 85 different bird species, including flightless cormorants, flamingos, finches, penguins. Unique to the archipelago are 6 giant tortoise species, burrowing land lizards and an unusual marine lizard that dives into the ocean for seaweed. The Galapagos group is famous for its fauna. Climate and water temperatures are modified by Antarctica's cold Humboldt Current. In the exposed to heavy mist uplands, the flora is much more luxuriant. In other coastal areas the vegetation consists mainly of cactus, mesquite and thorn trees. Galapagos islands are fringed with mangroves. The islands are volcanic in origin, with mountainous interiors and flat shorelines culminating in high, central-location craters, some of which rising to over 5000 ft (1520 m). Their location is on or near the equator, approx 1050 km (650 mi) off Ecuador's western coast. The Galapagos Islands archipelago consists of 13 big and several hundred small isles located in the Pacific Ocean.
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